Everything about Valentine Mcgillycuddy totally explained
Dr. Valentine Trant McGillycuddy (1849–1939) was a controversial pioneer of the effort to build a sustainable relationship between the
United States and the
Native American people. As the surveyor for the
Newton-Jenney Party, McGillycuddy was the first known person to climb
Harney Peak in the
Black Hills of
South Dakota. He then served as Contract Surgeon with General
George Crook during the
Battle of the Rosebud, the
Battle of Slim Buttes, and the
Horsemeat March.
As Assistant Post Surgeon at
Fort Robinson and later as
Indian Agent for the
Red Cloud Agency, McGillycuddy was known to the
Lakota of the modern-day
Pine Ridge Indian Reservation as "Friend of
Crazy Horse", and was the doctor who treated Crazy Horse at the time of his death.
While he may have been a friend to Crazy Horse, he wasn't so much loved by some other Lakotas, including
Red Cloud, a major
Sioux chief. Red Cloud's accusations of mismanagement led to several investigations of Dr. McGillycuddy's administration. Under pressure to arbitrarily fire a loyal clerk, Dr. McGillycuddy eventually resigned his post. Later, in the days leading up to the
Wounded Knee Massacre,
Red Cloud conceded that McGillycuddy had been a "young man with an old man's head on his shoulders."
Dr. McGillycuddy would later serve as mayor of
Rapid City, Dean of the
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, delegate to the South Dakota State Constitutional Convention, and as South Dakota's first State
Surgeon General. The mansion that he built in 1888 is still standing today in Rapid City.
McGillycuddy died at age 90 in
Berkeley,
California. His
ashes are entombed at the top of
Harney Peak behind a
plaque that reads "Valentine McGillycuddy, Wasitu Wacan."
Books based on Valentine McGillycuddy's life include:
- McGillycuddy, Agent (Julia McGillycuddy, 1942); later republished as Blood on the Moon
- Contract Surgeon (Dan Obrien, 2001)
- Indian Agent (Dan Obrien, 2005)
Museum and archival collections
Journey Museum, Rapid City, South Dakota
State Historical Archives, Pierre, South Dakota
University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
McGillycuddy House, Rapid City, South Dakota
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota
Fort Robinson Historical Museum, Fort Robinson, Nebraska
National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland, MarylandFurther Information
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